![]() ![]() Although this step can take a number of forms, the user has to prove that they have something only they would have, such as biometrics, a security token, an ID card, a smartphone or other mobile device. The site then prompts the user to initiate the second login step.The authentication tool processes the key, and the site's server validates it. For processes that don't require passwords, the website generates a unique security key for the user.Then, the site's server finds a match and recognizes the user. The user enters what they know - usually, username and password.The user is prompted to log in by the application or the website.However, two-factor authentication processes involve the same general, multistep process: How does two-factor authentication work?Įnabling two-factor authentication varies depending on the specific application or vendor. The vast majority of two-factor authentication methods rely on the first three authentication factors, though systems requiring greater security may use them to implement multifactor authentication ( MFA), which can rely on two or more independent credentials for more secure authentication. A time factor restricts user authentication to a specific time window in which logging on is permitted and restricts access to the system outside of that window.This can be enforced by limiting authentication attempts to specific devices in a particular location or by tracking the geographic source of an authentication attempt based on the source Internet Protocol address or some other geolocation information, such as Global Positioning System ( GPS) data, derived from the user's mobile phone or other device. A location factor is usually denoted by the location from which an authentication attempt is being made.Other commonly used inherence factors include facial and voice recognition or behavioral biometrics, such as keystroke dynamics, gait or speech patterns. These may be personal attributes mapped from physical characteristics, such as fingerprints authenticated through a fingerprint reader. A biometric factor, also known as an inherence factor, is something inherent in the user's physical self. ![]() A possession factor is something the user has, such as an ID card, a security token, a cellphone, a mobile device or a smartphone app, to approve authentication requests. ![]()
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